Filing tax returns in Malta is a legal requirement for individuals and businesses, and it involves several steps and specific documentation. Below are the key requirements and considerations for filing tax returns in Malta:

For Individuals

1. Tax Residency Status
   • Resident: Individuals who reside in Malta for more than 183 days in a calendar year are considered residents for tax purposes.
   • Non-Resident: Those who do not meet the residency criteria are considered non-residents and are taxed only on income and capital gains sourced in Malta.
2. Income Declaration
   • Residents must declare their worldwide income, including employment income, business income, rental income, dividends, and other income sources.
   • Non-residents must declare only income and capital gains sourced in Malta.
3. Personal Tax Rates
   • Malta uses a progressive tax rate system for individuals, with rates ranging from 0% to 35% depending on income levels.
4. Social Security Contributions
   • Employed individuals must also pay social security contributions, which are typically deducted by the employer.
5. Filing Deadline
   • The tax year in Malta is the calendar year. The deadline for filing personal income tax returns is usually June 30th of the following year.
6. Documentation Required
   • Proof of income (pay slips, dividend vouchers, rental income receipts, etc.)
   • Deductions and credits (educational expenses, healthcare costs, etc.)
   • Identification documents (ID card or passport)

For Businesses

1. Company Registration
   • Businesses must be registered with the Malta Business Registry (MBR) and obtain a valid Tax Identification Number (TIN).
2. Corporate Income Tax
   • Companies in Malta are generally subject to a corporate tax rate of 35%. However, various tax refunds and incentives may reduce the effective tax rate.
3. VAT Registration
   • Businesses with an annual turnover exceeding specific thresholds must register for VAT and file regular VAT returns.
4. Filing Deadlines
   • Corporate tax returns must be filed within nine months from the end of the accounting period.
   • VAT returns are typically filed quarterly, although some businesses may be required to file monthly or annually depending on their turnover.
5. Financial Statements
   • Audited financial statements must accompany corporate tax returns. These should include the balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement, and notes to the accounts.
6. Documentation Required
   • Detailed records of income and expenses
   • Annual audited financial statements
   • Payroll records
   • VAT records and invoices
7. Provisional Tax Payments
   • Companies are required to make provisional tax payments throughout the year. These are based on the estimated tax liability for the year and are usually paid in three installments.

General Considerations

1. Double Taxation Treaties
   • Malta has double taxation agreements with numerous countries, which can provide relief from double taxation on the same income.
2. Penalties and Interest
   • Late filing or non-compliance with tax obligations can result in penalties and interest charges. It is crucial to adhere to all deadlines and requirements.
3. Professional Assistance
   • Given the complexities of Maltese tax law, individuals and businesses often benefit from seeking advice from tax professionals or accountants.

By ensuring compliance with these requirements, individuals and businesses in Malta can fulfill their tax obligations efficiently and avoid any legal or financial penalties.