In Bulgaria, the corporate tax system is straightforward and competitive, making it an attractive destination for businesses looking to establish operations. Here's an overview of the company tax framework in Bulgaria:

Corporate Income Tax Rate

The corporate income tax rate in Bulgaria is a flat rate of 10%. This low and flat rate is one of the lowest in the European Union (EU), providing a favorable tax environment for businesses of all sizes.

Taxable Income

1. Taxable Entities: Bulgarian-resident companies, as well as foreign companies with a registered permanent establishment (PE) in Bulgaria, are subject to corporate income tax on their worldwide income.
2. Taxable Income Calculation: Taxable income is determined based on accounting profit adjusted for tax purposes. Certain expenses are non-deductible or subject to specific limitations as per Bulgarian tax legislation.

Tax Deductions and Allowances

1. Expenses Deductibility: Generally, expenses incurred in the production of income are deductible for tax purposes, provided they are supported by appropriate documentation and meet specific criteria.
2. Tax Incentives: Bulgaria offers various tax incentives to promote investment and economic development, including:
   • Investment Incentives: Tax relief for investments in certain industries or regions designated for development.
   • Research and Development (R&D) Incentives: Deductions for R&D expenses and investments in innovative projects.
   • Regional Development Incentives: Reduced tax rates or exemptions for businesses located in economically disadvantaged regions.

Value Added Tax (VAT)

1. Standard VAT Rate: Bulgaria's standard VAT rate is 20%, applicable to most goods and services, unless specifically exempted or subject to a reduced rate.
2. VAT Registration: Businesses with an annual turnover exceeding a certain threshold must register for VAT purposes in Bulgaria and comply with VAT reporting obligations.

Withholding Taxes

1. Dividends: Dividends distributed by Bulgarian companies to non-resident entities are subject to a withholding tax of 5%, unless reduced under a tax treaty.
2. Interest and Royalties: Payments of interest and royalties to non-residents may be subject to a withholding tax of 10%, unless reduced under a tax treaty or exempted.

Reporting and Compliance

1. Tax Year: The tax year in Bulgaria follows the calendar year, ending on December 31st.
2. Tax Returns: Companies are required to file annual tax returns and pay corporate income tax by March 31st of the following year. Advance corporate tax payments may also be required based on estimated taxable income.

Conclusion

Bulgaria's competitive corporate tax rate, along with various incentives and a straightforward tax system, makes it an attractive location for businesses seeking to establish a presence in Europe. Understanding and complying with Bulgarian tax regulations are essential for businesses to maximize tax efficiency and ensure compliance with legal requirements. Consulting with tax advisors or legal experts familiar with Bulgarian tax law can provide valuable guidance tailored to specific business needs and objectives.